The Indian Institute of Astrophysics team combined VELC spectroscopy, images from NASA’s SDO observatory and a three-dimensional model. Uniform expansion did not reproduce the measured signatures, whereas uneven lateral expansion with a tilted axis did.
The study appears in The Astrophysical Journal Letters. Researchers intend to apply the method to other ejections. It could assist space-weather research, but an operational forecasting improvement has not been established.